Assay Kits

Human BDNF ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) kit is an in vitro enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the quantitative measurement of human BDNF. This assay employs an antibody specific for human BDNF coated on a 96-well plate. Standards and samples are pipetted into the wells and BDNF present in a sample is bound to the wells by the immobilized antibody. The wells are washed and biotinylated anti-human BDNF antibody is added. After washing away unbound biotinylated antibody, HRP-conjugated streptavidin is pipetted to the wells. The wells are again washed, a TMB substrate solution is added to the wells and color develops in proportion to the amount of BDNF bound. The Stop Solution changes the color from blue to yellow, and the intensity of the color is measured at 450 nm. This ELISA kit shows no cross-reactivity with any of the cytokines tested (e.g., human Angiogenin, BDNF, BLC, ENA-78, FGF-4, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-7, IL-8, IL-9, IL-10, IL-11, IL-12 p70, IL-12 p40, IL-13, IL-15, IL-309, IP-10, G-CSF,GM-CSF, IFN-γ, Leptin, MCP-1, MCP-2, MCP-3, MDC, MIP-1α, MIP-1δ, PARC, PDGF, RANTES, SCF, TARC, TGF-β, TIMP-1, TIMP-2, TNF-α,TNF-β, TPO, VEGF). The minimum detectable dose of BDNF is typically less than 80 pg/mL. Detection Range: 80 pg/mL – 16 ng/mL. The intra-Assay reproducibility is CV<10% & inter-Assay is CV<12%.

Cell death or cytotoxicity is classically evaluated by the quantification of plasma membrane damage. Adenylate kinase (AK) is a ubiquitous protein present in all eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells and rapidly release into culture medium upon damage of the plasma membrane. The Bioluminescence Cytotoxicity Assay Kit is based on the measurement of AK in a simple one-step procedure involving two chemical reactions. The first reaction is the conversion of ADP to ATP by adenylate kinase that was released from the damaged cells. The second reaction utilizes luciferase to catalyze the formation of light from ATP and luciferin, and the light can be measured using a luminometer or beta counter. The assay is highly sensitive and can be fully automatic for high throughput.

Responsible for the deacetylation of lysine residues on the N-terminal part of the core histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4). Histone deacetylation gives a tag-for-epigenetic repression and plays an important role in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression and developmental events. Histone deacetylases act via the formation of large multiprotein complexes. Forms transcriptional repressor complexes by associating with MAD, SIN3, YY1 and N-COR. HDAC2 ELISA kit is a sandwich ELISA assay for the quantitative measurement of human HDAC2 in serum, plasma and cell culture supernatants. The density of color is proportional to the amount of HDAC2 captured from the samples.

CA19-9 represents the most important and basic carbohydrate tumor marker. The immunohistologic distribution of CA19-9 in tissues is consistent with the quantitative determination of higher CA19-9 concentrations in cancer than in normal or inflamed tissues. Recently reports indicates that the serum CA19-9 level is frequently elevated in the serum of subjects with various gastrointestinal malignancies, such as pancreatic, colorectal, gastric and hepatic carcinomas. Together with CEA, elevated CA19-9 is suggestive of gallbladder neoplasm in the setting of inflammatory gallbladder disease. It has been shown that a persistent elevation in serum CA19-9 value following treatment may be indicative of occult metastatic and/or residual disease. A persistently rising serum CA 19-9 value may be associated with progressive malignant disease and poor therapeutic response. A declining CA 19-9 value may be indicative of a favorable prognosis and good response to treatment. The CA19-9 ELISA test is based on the principle of a solid phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The assay system utilizes a monoclonal antibody directed against a distinct antigenic determinant on the intact CA19-9 molecule for immobilization (on the microtiter wells). Another CA 19-9 monoclonal antibody conjugated to horseradish peroxidase (HRP) is in the antibody-enzyme conjugate solution. The test sample is allowed to react sequentially with the two antibodies, resulting in the CA19-9 molecules being sandwiched between the solid phase and enzyme-linked antibodies. After two separate incubation steps at 37°C for 90 min., the wells are washed with water to remove unbound labeled antibodies. A solution of TMB Reagent is added and incubated for 20 min., resulting in development of blue color. The color development is stopped with the addition of Stop Solution changing the color to yellow. The concentration of CA19-9 is directly proportional to the color intensity of the test sample.

Caspase-3 (3.4.22.56) is a cysteine protease that cleaves the C-terminal of an Aspartate residue at the P1 position. The cleavage event is a critical step in the downstream signaling and amplification of apoptosis, or programmed cell death. Apoptosis is a tightly regulated event that plays a central role in the development and homeostasis of multi-cellular organisms. Caspase-3 Fluorometric Activity Assay Kit II allows the detection and quantification of Caspase-3 Activity by using a synthetic substrate DEVD-AFC (AFC: 7-amino-4-trifluoromethyl coumarin), which upon cleavage by Caspase-3, will emit a strong, stable fluorometric signal (Ex/Em= 400/505 nm). The assay is sensitive, fast and allows for the high-throughput quantification of Caspase-3 Activity in cell lysate or adherent cells and can be used to evaluate induction of apoptosis and/or evaluation of apoptosis inhibitors. As little as 11.25 mU of activity per well and less than 500 apoptotic cells can be detected.

Cathepsin B (human) ELISA Kit is based on standard sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technology. This assay employs a mouse Cathepsin B specific, polyclonal antibody coated onto a 96-well plate. Standards and test samples are added to the wells and any Cathepsin B present is bound by the immobilized antibody. A biotinylated detection polyclonal goat antibody, specific for Cathepsin B is then added. After washing away unbound biotinylated antibody with PBS or TBS, Avidin-Biotin-Peroxidase Complex is added to the wells. The wells are again washed with PBS or TBS to remove unbound conjugate. HRP substrate (TMB) is used to visualize the presence of Cathepsin B. TMB is oxidized to produce a blue product that is converted to yellow after adding stop solution. The intensity of yellow color is proportional to the amount of human Cathepsin B captured on the plate. This ELISA kit shows no cross-reactivity with other relevant proteins. Detection Range: 156 pg/mL – 10,000 pg/mL. Sensitivity: < 5 pg/mL.

Cathepsin B (mouse) ELISA Kit is based on the standard sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technology. This assay employs a monoclonal antibody form rat specific for Cathepsin B coated on a 96-well plate. Standards (NSO, H18-F339) and test samples are added to the wells and Cathepsin B present in a sample is bound to the wells by the immobilized antibody. A biotinylated detection polyclonal antibody from goat specific for Cathepsin B is added subsequently. After washing away the unbound biotinylated antibody with PBS or TBS buffer, Avidin-Biotin-Peroxidase Complex is added to the wells. The wells are again washed with PBS or TBS buffer to remove the unbound conjugates. HRP substrate TMB is used to visualize the HRP enzymatic reaction. TMB is catalyzed by HRP to produce a blue color product that changes into yellow after adding acidic stop solution. The density of yellow color is proportional to the mouse Cathepsin B captured onto the plate. This ELISA kit shows no cross-reactivity with other relevant proteins. Detection Range: 156 pg/mL – 10,000 pg/mL. Sensitivity: < 5 pg/mL.

Cathepsin D (human) ELISA Kit is based on the standard sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technology. This assay employs a monoclonal antibody form mouse specific for Cathepsin D coated on a 96-well plate. Standards (NSO, L21-L412) and test samples are added to the wells and Cathepsin D present in a sample is bound to the wells by the immobilized antibody. A biotinylated detection polyclonal antibody from goat specific for Cathepsin D is added subsequently. After washing away the unbound biotinylated antibody with PBS or TBS buffer, Avidin-Biotin-Peroxidase Complex is added to the wells. The wells are again washed with PBS or TBS buffer to remove the unbound conjugates. HRP substrate TMB is used to visualize the HRP enzymatic reaction. TMB is catalyzed by HRP to produce a blue color product that changes into yellow after adding acidic stop solution. The density of yellow color is proportional to the human Cathepsin D captured onto the plate. This ELISA kit shows no cross-reactivity with other relevant proteins. Detection Range: 156 pg/mL – 10,000 pg/mL. Sensitivity: < 10 pg/mL.

Cathepsin D (mouse) ELISA Kit is based on the standard sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technology. This assay employs a monoclonal antibody form rat specific for Cathepsin D coated on a 96-well plate. Standards (NSO, I21-L410) and test samples are added to the wells and Cathepsin D present in a sample is bound to the wells by the immobilized antibody. A biotinylated detection polyclonal antibody from goat specific for Cathepsin D is added subsequently. After washing away the unbound biotinylated antibody with PBS or TBS buffer, Avidin-Biotin-Peroxidase Complex is added to the wells. The wells are again washed with PBS or TBS buffer to remove the unbound conjugates. HRP substrate TMB is used to visualize the HRP enzymatic reaction. TMB is catalyzed by HRP to produce a blue color product that changes into yellow after adding acidic stop solution. The density of yellow color is proportional to the mouse Cathepsin D captured onto the plate. This ELISA kit shows no cross-reactivity with other relevant proteins. Detection Range: 156 pg/mL – 10,000 pg/mL. Sensitivity: < 10 pg/mL.

Apoptosis can be mediated by mechanisms other than the traditional caspase-mediated cleavage cascade. There is growing recognition that alternative proteolytic enzymes such as the lysosomal cathepsin proteases may initiate or propagate proapoptotic signals. Cathepsins are lysosomal enzymes that are also used as sensitive markers in various toxicological investigations. The Cathepsin D Activity Assay kit is a fluorescence-based assay that utilizes the preferred cathepsin D substrate sequence GKPILFFRLK(Dnp)-D-R-NH2) labeled with MCA. Cathepsin D will cleave the synthetic substrate to release the quenched fluorescent group MCA, which can then easily be measured using a fluorometer or fluorescence plate reader at Ex/Em = 328/460 nm. The relative efficacy of test inhibitors are compared to the positive control inhibitor, Pepstatin A (IC50 < 0.1 nM). The Cathepsin D assay is simple, straightforward, and can be adapted to 96-well plate assays and is suitable for high throughput screening (HTS).

Cathepsin G is an enzymatic protein belonging to the peptidase or protease families. The protein is found in azurophil granules of neutrophilic polymorphonuclear leukocytes. The encoded protease has a specificity similar to that of chymotrypsin C, and may participate in the killing and digestion of engulfed pathogens, and in connective tissue remodeling at sites of inflammation. In Cathepasin G Activity assay Kit, Cathepsin G will cleave the substrate and release the dye group, pNA (4-Nitroaniline), which can be detect at 405 nm. In presence of the Cathepsin G specific inhibitor, the cleavage will be stopped. The kit provides a rapid, simple, sensitive, and reliable test suitable for the activity of Cathepsin G.

Apoptosis can be mediated by mechanisms other than the traditional caspase-mediated cleavage cascade. There is growing recognition that alternative proteolytic enzymes such as the lysosomal cathepsin proteases may initiate or propagate proapoptotic signals. Cathepsins are lysosomal enzymes that are also used as sensitive markers in various toxicological investigations. The Cathepsin-H Activity Assay kit is a fluorescence-based assay that utilizes the preferred cathepsin-H substrate Arginine labeled with AFC (amino-4-trifluoromethyl coumarin). Cell lysates or other samples that contain cathepsin-H will cleave the synthetic substrate R-AFC to release free AFC. The released AFC can easily be quantified using a fluorometer or fluorescence plate reader.

Apoptosis can be mediated by mechanisms other than the traditional caspase-mediated cleavage cascade. There is growing recognition that alternative proteolytic enzymes such as the lysosomal cathepsin proteases may initiate or propagate proapoptotic signals. Cathepsins are lysosomal enzymes that are also used as sensitive markers in various toxicological investigations. Cathepsin K ELISA kit is a sandwich ELISA assay for the quantitative measurement of CTSK in human serum, plasma and cell culture supernatants. The density of color is proportional to the amount of CTSK captured from the samples.

Apoptosis can be mediated by mechanisms other than the traditional caspase-mediated cleavage cascade. There is growing recognition that alternative proteolytic enzymes such as the lysosomal cathepsin proteases may initiate or propagate proapoptotic signals. Cathepsins are lysosomal enzymes that are also used as sensitive markers in various toxicological investigations. Cathepsin K ELISA kit is a sandwich ELISA assay for the quantitative measurement of CTSK in mouse serum, plasma and cell culture supernatants. The density of color is proportional to the amount of CTSK captured from the samples.

Apoptosis can be mediated by mechanisms other than the traditional caspase-mediated cleavage cascade. There is growing recognition that alternative proteolytic enzymes such as the lysosomal cathepsin proteases may initiate or propagate proapoptotic signals. Cathepsins are lysosomal enzymes that are also used as sensitive markers in various toxicological investigations. Cathepsin K ELISA kit is a sandwich ELISA assay for the quantitative measurement of CTSK in rat serum, plasma and cell culture supernatants. The density of color is proportional to the amount of CTSK captured from the samples.

Apoptosis can be mediated by mechanisms other than the traditional caspase-mediated cleavage cascade. There is growing recognition that alternative proteolytic enzymes such as the lysosomal cathepsin proteases may initiate or propagate proapoptotic signals. Cathepsins are lysosomal enzymes that are also used as sensitive markers in various toxicological investigations. The Cathepsin-K Activity Assay kit is a fluorescence-based assay that utilizes the preferred cathepsin-K substrate sequence LR labeled with AFC (amino-4-trifluoromethyl coumarin). Cell lysates or other samples that contain cathepsin-K will cleave the synthetic substrate LR-AFC to release free AFC. The released AFC can easily be quantified using a fluorometer or fluorescence plate reader.

Cathepsin K (CTSK, EC 3.4.22.38), a lysosomal cysteine protease, is involved in osteoclastic bone remodeling and resorption. In addition, it also degrades collagen, gelatin and elastin. Cathepsin K Inhibitor Screening Kit utilizes the ability of active Cathepsin K to cleave the synthetic AFC based peptide substrate to release AFC, which can be easily quantified using a fluorometer or fluorescence microplate reader. In the presence of a Cathepsin K-specific inhibitor, the cleavage of this substrate is reduced/abolished resulting in decrease or total loss of the AFC fluorescence. This simple and high-throughput adaptable assay kit can be used to screen/study/characterize potential inhibitors of Cathepsin K.

Cathepsin S (human) ELISA Kit is based on the standard sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technology. This assay employs a monoclonal antibody form mouse specific for Cathepsin S coated on a 96-well plate. Standards and test samples are added to the wells and Cathepsin S present in a sample is bound to the wells by the immobilized antibody. A biotinylated detection polyclonal antibody from goat specific for Cathepsin S is added subsequently. After washing away the unbound biotinylated antibody with PBS or TBS buffer, Avidin-Biotin-Peroxidase Complex is added to the wells. The wells are again washed with PBS or TBS buffer to remove the unbound conjugates. HRP substrate TMB is used to visualize the HRP enzymatic reaction. TMB is catalyzed by HRP to produce a blue color product that changes into yellow after adding acidic stop solution. The density of yellow color is proportional to the human Cathepsin S captured onto the plate. This ELISA kit shows no cross-reactivity with other relevant proteins. Detection Range: 62.5 pg/mL – 4,000 pg/mL. Sensitivity: < 10 pg/mL.

Cathepsin S (CTSS, EC 3.4.22.27) is a lysosomal cysteine proteinase that is suggested to participate in the degradation of antigenic proteins to peptides for presentation on MHC class II molecules. Cathepsin S Inhibitor Screening Kit utilizes the ability of Cathepsin S to cleave the synthetic AFC based peptide substrate to release AFC, which can be easily quantified using a fluorometer or fluorescence microplate reader. In the presence of a Cathepsin S inhibitor, the cleavage of the substrate is reduced/abolished resulting in decrease or total loss of the AFC fluorescence. This high-throughput adaptable assay kit is simple, sensitive, and rapid tool to screen the potential inhibitors of Cathepsin S.

Cluster of differentiation (CD38), also known as cyclic ADP ribose hydrolase is a multifunctional enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis and hydrolysis of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD) to Nicotinamide and ADP-ribose (ADPR). Additionally, CD38 generates second messengers, cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR) using NAD as the substrate. Due to its role in NAD+ metabolism, the study of CD38 and its functions has been of great importance. CD38 has been implicated in regulating NAD+ metabolism, aging, and other diseased conditions including obesity, diabetes, heart disease, asthma, inflammation etc. Furthermore, CD38 is expressed by lymphoid, myeloid, red blood cells and platelets, the highest expression being found in plasma cells. High expression of CD38 by plasma cells makes CD38 an ideal target for targeted immunotherapy. CD38 Activity Assay Kit can be used to detect its activity in biological samples. The kit utilizes the ability of active CD38 to catalyze the conversion of a CD38 substrate to a fluorescent product (Ex/Em = 300/410 nm). This assay kit provides a rapid, simple and sensitive method to detect CD38 activity in a variety of sample types.