Assay Kits

This kit can easily detect γH2AX as an indicator of DNA damage by the secondary antibody method. This kit contains all the reagents required for the experiment, which is easy to operate even for the first time users, and we will also introduce the literature and experimental examples of using γH2AX as an indicator for reference.DNA double-strand breaks are often seen in DNA damage, and H2AX (a histone subspecies of H2X), is rapidly and abundantly phosphorylated when DNA double-strand breaks occur. This phosphorylated H2AX (γH2AX), as a marker of DNA damage, is expected to be used as a means of evaluating the genotoxicity and carcinogenicity of chemicals, reactive oxygen species, ultraviolet light, and radiation. In recent years, the detection of γH2AX has also been used as an indicator for evaluating cellular senescence. This product uses anti-γH2AX antibodies produced in a monoclonal antibody laboratory.

We offer real-time PCR arrays for highly specific, reliable, and reproducible results for signaling pathways analysis, even with small amounts of precious samples like FFPE or LCM samples. Real-time PCR arrays in 96-well or 384-well plate formats are compatible with most of all qPCR instruments on the market. Each 96-well plate allows to analyze 84 genes of interest, specific to a signaling or pathological pathway with 8 reference genes necessary to the robust normalization step of your qPCR data and 4 quality controls. All signaling pathways are validated at the experimental level on a large collection of tissues and cell lines on a high-throughput molecular platform, thanks to stringent and strong quality control criteria to guarantee you the best results.

We offer real-time PCR arrays for highly specific, reliable, and reproducible results for signaling pathways analysis, even with small amounts of precious samples like FFPE or LCM samples. Real-time PCR arrays in 96-well or 384-well plate formats are compatible with most of all qPCR instruments on the market. Each 96-well plate allows to analyze 84 genes of interest, specific to a signaling or pathological pathway with 8 reference genes necessary to the robust normalization step of your qPCR data and 4 quality controls. All signaling pathways are validated at the experimental level on a large collection of tissues and cell lines on a high-throughput molecular platform, thanks to stringent and strong quality control criteria to guarantee you the best results.

The Rat Aging RT2 Profiler PCR Array profiles the expression of 84 genes altered during aging, a major biological process and a risk factor for many diseases. To gain new insights into the process of aging and identify potentially important genes and biomarkers, many microarray studies have been conducted in several species, including humans, either by comparing various young and old tissues or by comparing samples across the organism's lifespan. Characterization of the associated biological processes has found that age-related gene expression changes involve alterations in the expression of genes related to apoptosis, cell cycle, cell senescence, and inflammation, as well as mitochondrial genes. The other common denominators of aging include altered expression of genes linked to epigenetic alterations, genomic instability, telomere attrition, and proteostasis - the stabilization of correctly folded proteins. These molecular markers and processes reflect a combination of degeneration and transcriptional responses to aging. Analyzing the expression of these genes can provide a better understanding of how transcriptional changes relate to the aging process. A set of controls present on each array enables data analysis using the ΔΔCT method of relative quantification and assessment of reverse transcription performance, genomic DNA contamination, and PCR performance. Using real-time PCR, research studies can easily and reliably analyze the expression of a focused panel of genes related to aging with this array.

The rat Aging RT2 Profiler PCR Array profiles the expression of 84 genes altered during aging, a major biological process and a risk factor for many diseases. To gain new insights into the process of aging and identify potentially important genes and biomarkers, many microarray studies have been conducted in several species, including humans, either by comparing various young and old tissues or by comparing samples across the organism's lifespan. Characterization of the associated biological processes has found that age-related gene expression changes involve alterations in the expression of genes related to apoptosis, cell cycle, cell senescence, and inflammation, as well as mitochondrial genes. The other common denominators of aging include altered expression of genes linked to epigenetic alterations, genomic instability, telomere attrition, and proteostasis - the stabilization of correctly folded proteins. These molecular markers and processes reflect a combination of degeneration and transcriptional responses to aging. Analyzing the expression of these genes can provide a better understanding of how transcriptional changes relate to the aging process. A set of controls present on each array enables data analysis using the ΔΔCT method of relative quantification and assessment of reverse transcription performance, genomic DNA contamination, and PCR performance. Using real-time PCR, research studies can easily and reliably analyz???e the expression of a focused panel of genes related to aging with this array.

The Mouse Aging RT2 Profiler PCR Array profiles the expression of 84 genes altered during aging, a major biological process and a risk factor for many diseases. To gain new insights into the process of aging and identify potentially important genes and biomarkers, many microarray studies have been conducted in several species, including humans, either by comparing various young and old tissues or by comparing samples across the organism's lifespan. Characterization of the associated biological processes has found that age-related gene expression changes involve alterations in the expression of genes related to apoptosis, cell cycle, cell senescence, and inflammation, as well as mitochondrial genes. The other common denominators of aging include altered expression of genes linked to epigenetic alterations, genomic instability, telomere attrition, and proteostasis - the stabilization of correctly folded proteins. These molecular markers and processes reflect a combination of degeneration and transcriptional responses to aging. Analyzing the expression of these genes can provide a better understanding of how transcriptional changes relate to the aging process. A set of controls present on each array enables data analysis using the ΔΔCT method of relative quantification and assessment of reverse transcription performance, genomic DNA contamination, and PCR performance. Using real-time PCR, research studies can easily and reliably analyze the expression of a focused panel of genes related to aging with this array.

The Mouse Aging RT2 Profiler PCR Array profiles the expression of 84 genes altered during aging, a major biological process and a risk factor for many diseases. To gain new insights into the process of aging and identify potentially important genes and biomarkers, many microarray studies have been conducted in several species, including humans, either by comparing various young and old tissues or by comparing samples across the organism's lifespan. Characterization of the associated biological processes has found that age-related gene expression changes involve alterations in the expression of genes related to apoptosis, cell cycle, cell senescence, and inflammation, as well as mitochondrial genes. The other common denominators of aging include altered expression of genes linked to epigenetic alterations, genomic instability, telomere attrition, and proteostasis - the stabilization of correctly folded proteins. These molecular markers and processes reflect a combination of degeneration and transcriptional responses to aging. Analyzing the expression of these genes can provide a better understanding of how transcriptional changes relate to the aging process. A set of controls present on each array enables data analysis using the ΔΔCT method of relative quantification and assessment of reverse transcription performance, genomic DNA contamination, and PCR performance. Using real-time PCR, research studies can easily and reliably analyze the expression of a focused panel of genes related to aging with this array.

The Human Aging RT2 Profiler PCR Array profiles the expression of 84 genes altered during aging, a major biological process and a risk factor for many diseases. To gain new insights into the process of aging and identify potentially important genes and biomarkers, many microarray studies have been conducted in several species, including humans, either by comparing various young and old tissues or by comparing samples across the organism's lifespan. Characterization of the associated biological processes has found that age-related gene expression changes involve alterations in the expression of genes related to apoptosis, cell cycle, cell senescence, and inflammation, as well as mitochondrial genes. The other common denominators of aging include altered expression of genes linked to epigenetic alterations, genomic instability, telomere attrition, and proteostasis - the stabilization of correctly folded proteins. These molecular markers and processes reflect a combination of degeneration and transcriptional responses to aging. Analyzing the expression of these genes can provide a better understanding of how transcriptional changes relate to the aging process. A set of controls present on each array enables data analysis using the ΔΔCT method of relative quantification and assessment of reverse transcription performance, genomic DNA contamination, and PCR performance. Using real-time PCR, research studies can easily and reliably analyze the expression of a focused panel of genes related to aging with this array.

The Human Aging RT2 Profiler PCR Array profiles the expression of 84 genes altered during aging, a major biological process and a risk factor for many diseases. To gain new insights into the process of aging and identify potentially important genes and biomarkers, many microarray studies have been conducted in several species, including humans, either by comparing various young and old tissues or by comparing samples across the organism's lifespan. Characterization of the associated biological processes has found that age-related gene expression changes involve alterations in the expression of genes related to apoptosis, cell cycle, cell senescence, and inflammation, as well as mitochondrial genes. The other common denominators of aging include altered expression of genes linked to epigenetic alterations, genomic instability, telomere attrition, and proteostasis - the stabilization of correctly folded proteins. These molecular markers and processes reflect a combination of degeneration and transcriptional responses to aging. Analyzing the expression of these genes can provide a better understanding of how transcriptional changes relate to the aging process. A set of controls present on each array enables data analysis using the ΔΔCT method of relative quantification and assessment of reverse transcription performance, genomic DNA contamination, and PCR performance. Using real-time PCR, research studies can easily and reliably analyze the expression of a focused panel of genes related to aging with this array.

Three dimensional (3D) cell cultures are artificially-created environments in which cells are permitted to grow or interact with their surroundings in a 3D fashion. 3D cell cultures improve the function, differentiation and viability of cells and recapitulate in vivo microenvironment compared to conventional 2D cell cultures. 3D matrices provide a physiologically relevant screening platform, by mimicking the in vivo responses, for many cell types including cancer and stem cells in developmental morphogenesis, pharmacology, drug metabolism and drug toxicity studies. Quantification of number of viable cells is an indispensable tool in in vitro screening in these studies. Calcein AM is a non-fluorescent, hydrophobic compound that easily penetrates intact and live cells, and has been widely used to assess cell viability and proliferation in Cell Biology research. However, with the use of 3D matrices, some proteases-based dissociation methods don’t completely dissolve the matrices and cell aggregates, which could alter the result in quantitative in vitro assays such as viability assessment. 3D Cell Culture Cell Viability Complete Assay Kit provides a standardized fluorometric method for sensitive quantification of viable cells that can detect as low as 50 viable cells in each well and can be measured at Ex/Em = 485/530 nm. The measured fluorescence intensity is proportional to the number of viable cells. Further, as a complete set, the kit comes with an optimized and gentle non-enzymatic dissociation solution for the recovery of viable and dead cells from spheroids in matrices and scaffolds. This assay kit provides an easy-to-use, non-radioactive, and high-throughput method for characterizing and screening cell viability, cytotoxicity and apoptosis.

Three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures are artificially-created environments, where cells are allowed to grow or interact with their surroundings in a 3D fashion. 3D cell cultures improve the function, differentiation and viability of cells and recapitulate the in vivo microenvironment as compared to conventional 2D cell cultures. 3D matrices provide a physiologically relevant screening platform by mimicking the in vivo responses for many cell types including cancer and stem cells. This is specifically important in developmental morphogenesis, pharmacology, drug metabolism and drug toxicity studies. Additionally, quantification of the number of viable cells is an indispensable tool in in vitro screening in these studies. However, with the use of 3D matrices, some protease-based dissociation methods don’t completely dissolve the matrices or the cell aggregates, which may alter the result of the in vitro viability assessment quantitatively. 3D Culture Cell Viability Assay Kit provides a standardized colorimetric method for sensitive quantification of viable cells that can detect as high as 250,000 viable cells and as low as 1000 viable cells in each well. The absorbance is measured at 460 nm. The measured intensity is proportional to the number of viable cells. Further, the kit comes with an optimized and gentle non-enzymatic dissociation solution for the recovery of viable and dead cells from spheroids in matrices and scaffolds. This assay kit provides an easy-to-use, non-radioactive, high-throughput method for characterizing and screening cell viability and cytotoxicity.

The tumor suppressor protein p53 is one of the key players in cancer biology. DNA damage and oxidative stress signals lead to p53 posttranslational modifications and stabilization by binding to its consensus sequence, the p53 response element. Stabilized p53 can interact with other transcriptional regulators for the induction of p53-responsive targets involved in cell cycle progression, cell senescence, or apoptotic cell death. Because the expression and activity of p53 are frequently altered in human cancers, p53 becomes an important drug target as well as a biomarker in carcinogenesis. Acetylated p53 ELISA kit is a sandwich ELISA assay for the quantitative measurement of Acetylated p53 in human serum, plasma and cell culture supernatants. The density of color is proportional to the amount of Acetylated p53 captured from the samples.

Adipose tissue secretes a number of biologically active soluble factors (collectively named adipocytokines) that regulate glucose and fatty acid metabolism. Measurement of serum adiponectin levels gives us important information on the role of adiponectin in regulation of glucose and/or lipid metabolism. This human Adiponectin ELISA Kit is an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for quantitative determination of adiponectin in human serum, plasma or various tissue or cell culture supernatants. In the assay, monoclonal antibody specific for human adiponectin has been pre-coated onto 96 well microplate. Standards and samples are pipetted into the wells and adiponectin present is bound by immobilized antibody. The bound adiponectin is then captured by anti-human adiponectin polyclonal antibody. With HRP conjugated anti-rabbit IgG and a HRP substrate, the colors developed in proportion to the bound adiponectin, can be easily measured by Elisa plate reader.

Adipose tissue secretes a number of biologically active soluble factors (collectively named adipocytokines) that regulate glucose and fatty acid metabolism. Measurement of serum adiponectin levels gives us important information on the role of adiponectin in regulation of glucose and/or lipid metabolism. This Mouse Adiponectin ELISA Kit is an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for quantitative determination of adiponectin in mouse serum, plasma or various tissue or cell culture supernatants. In the assay, monoclonal antibody specific for mouse adiponectin has been pre-coated onto 96 well microplate. Standards and samples are pipetted into the wells and adiponectin present is bound by immobilized antibody. The bound adiponectin is then captured by anti-mouse adiponectin polyclonal antibody. With HRP conjugated anti-rabbit IgG and a HRP substrate, the colors developed in proportion to the bound adiponectin, can be easily measured by Elisa plate reader.

Adipose tissue secretes a number of biologically active soluble factors (collectively named adipocytokines) that regulate glucose and fatty acid metabolism. Measurement of serum adiponectin levels gives us important information on the role of adiponectin in regulation of glucose and/or lipid metabolism. This Rat Adiponectin ELISA Kit is an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for quantitative determination of adiponectin in rat serum, plasma or various tissue or cell culture supernatants. In the assay, polyclonal antibody specific for rat adiponectin has been pre-coated onto 96 well microplate. Standards and samples are pipetted into the wells and any adiponectin present is bound by immobilized antibody. The bound adiponectin is then captured by anti-rat adiponectin monoclonal antibody. With adding HRP conjugated mouse IgG and HRP substrate, the colors developed in proportion to the bound adiponectin, can be easily measured by Elisa plate reader.

Akt is a protein kinase that can be activated by insulin and various growth factors and functions in a pathway involving PI3 kinase. Recent evidence suggests that Akt functions to promote cell survival by actively inhibiting apoptosis. The Akt Activity Assay Kit utilizes an Akt-specific antibody to immunoprecipitate Akt from cell lysate. Activity of the Akt is then determined in a kinase reaction using recombinant GSK-3α as substrate. Phosphorylation of the GSK-3α can be analyzed by Western blot analysis using the phospho-GSK-3α specific antibody included in the kit. The kit specifically detects Akt1, Akt2, and Akt3 activities, other kinase activities would not be detected.

Human Apolipoprotein E4 (ApoE4) Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) Kit is an in vitro assay for quantitative measurement of human ApoE4. ApoE transports lipoproteins, fat-soluble vitamins, and cholesterol via the lymph system to the blood. ApoE exists as three major isoforms, including ApoE2, ApoE3, and ApoE4. Recently, ApoE4 has been implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD). ApoE4 is the first risk gene identified in Alzheimer's research, and remains the gene with strongest impact. Everyone inherits a copy of ApoE gene from each parent. Those who inherit one copy of ApoE4 have an increased risk of developing AD (about a quarter of the human population). Those who inherit two copies of ApoE4 have an even higher risk (about 2% of humans with up to 10 times higher risk). In addition to raising risk, ApoE4 may tend to make AD symptoms appear at a younger age. The assay employs an antibody specific for human ApoE4 coated on a 96-well plate. Standard and samples are pipetted into wells and ApoE4 present in the sample is bound to the wells by immobilized antibody. Wells are washed and human ApoE4 specific detection antibody is added. After washing away unbound detection antibody, HRP-conjugate is pipetted to the wells. The wells are again washed, a TMB substrate solution is added to the wells, and color develops in proportion to the amount of bound ApoE4. Stop Solution changes the color from blue to yellow, and the intensity of the color is measured at 450 nm. Sensitivity of the kit is 25 ng/mL and detection range is from 50 ng to 800 ng/mL. Recovery inside this range is between 83 and 104% (average recovery is 93%). The intra-assay reproducibility as measured by the coefficient of variation (CV) is < 8 % & inter-assay has CV < 12 %.

Internucleosomal DNA fragmentation is a hallmark of apoptosis in mammalian cells. Apoptotic DNA Ladder Extraction Kit provides an easy and sensitive means for detecting DNA fragmentation in apoptotic cells. The new procedure selectively extract DNA ladders without interference of intact genomic DNA, which significantly increase the cell numbers that can be can be extracted and load on one agarose gel well, therefore increase the detection sensitivity.

Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C) plays an important role in many biological processes. It is a potent anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-viral agent, and an immune stimulant and is present is a wide variety of foods and biological specimens. It is important to be able to monitor ascorbic acid content in these different samples. Ascorbic Acid Assay Kit provides a rapid, simple, and sensitive means of detecting ascorbic acid in various biological samples.

Autophagy or autophagocytosis (“self-eating”) refers to a process of degradation of cytoplasmic components within lysosomes, a unique process mediated by autophagosomes. Autophagy consists of several sequential steps: sequestration, transport to lysosomes, degradation and eventual re-utilization of degradation products. Autophagosomes engulf a portion of cytoplasm, thus autophagy is generally thought to be a nonselective degradation system regulated by many different cellular signaling pathways. Autophagy functions as a stress response upregulated by nutrient and energy starvation, oxidative stress, or other harmful conditions (such as damage to organelles, protein aggregation and infection by pathogens). Dysfunction of autophagy is associated with many human cancers and neurodegenerative diseases. The kit contains two fluorescent probes: a membrane permeable selective autophagy stain and a cell death marker. An autophagy-inducing positive control reagent, which increases autophagy staining and serves as an experimental control. This easy-to-use non-radioactive kit allows researchers to study the regulation of autophagy and cytotoxicity at the cellular level by Fluorescence Microscopy and Flow Cytometry in cultured cells.