Analysis of the Role of Endogenous Cytoplasmic DNA in Aging

Endogenous cytoplasmic DNA (cytoDNA) is a contributing factor to the sterile inflammation associated with several chronic age-related conditions such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, and neurodegenerative disorders.

Fig. 1 Cytosolic DNA species and sensing in aging and disease. (Miller KN, et al., 2011)

CD BioSciences uses several technologies to analyze endogenous cytoDNA in aging, with a focus on mitochondrial DNA and cytoplasmic chromatin fragments. Our advanced platforms enable us to quantitatively assess DNA mutations, study cellular senescence, and investigate inflammatory responses with precision.

Endogenous Cytoplasmic DNA Involved in Aging

We examine both mitochondrial DNA and cytoplasmic chromosomal DNA fragments, which closely relate to triggering cellular aging, the development of an age-related phenotype, and the promotion of age-related diseases. A detailed analysis is displayed in the table below.

Overview of Our Endogenous Cytoplasmic DNA Analysis Services

Analyzing cytoplasmic DNA mutations and their effects

Firstly, we examine the effects of cytoplasmic DNA variation on mitochondrial function and the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Conversely, our study reveals the connections between the integrity of cytoplasmic DNA, oxidative stress, and the aging process, as well as their impact on age-related diseases including cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disorders.

Investigating the function of cytoplasmic DNA in inflammation and immune dysregulation

We explore the conceivable correlation between mutations in cytoplasmic DNA, mitochondrial pressure, and the activation of inflammatory pathways, such as the cGAS-STING signal pathway. These factors result in prolonged inflammation and compromised immune regulation in aging tissues. We are further investigating the effect of cytoplasmic DNA on eliciting innate immune responses and the formation of inflammatory conditions linked to aging.

Workflow for Analyzing the Role of Endogenous Cytoplasmic DNA in Aging

• Sample collection and preparation
  We obtain cell or tissue samples representing different stages of aging, including young, middle-aged, and old individuals, as well as age-matched controls. Then, we utilize appropriate methods for the isolation of cytoplasmic and mitochondrial fractions, ensuring the preservation of DNA integrity during sample preparation.
• Visualization and localization of cytoplasmic DNA
  We use immunofluorescence microscopy and live-cell imaging to visualize and track fluorescently labeled mtDNA and cytoplasmic chromosomal DNA fragments, providing insights into their distribution and localization within the cytoplasm.
• Proteomic analysis
  We employ mass spectrometry-based proteomics to profile proteins involved in mtDNA maintenance, DNA repair, and DNA damage response pathways, elucidating interactions impacting cytoplasmic DNA stability during aging.
• Data interpretation
  We integrate findings from diverse analyses to interpret the impact of endogenous cytoplasmic DNA alterations on aging-related processes, such as mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular senescence, and age-related pathologies.

Examining the function of endogenous cytoplasmic DNA yields valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms that underlie the aging process. CD BioSciences is capable of investigating the influence of mitochondrial DNA mutations, cytoplasmic DNA-induced inflammation, and cellular senescence on aging-related phenomena due to its proficiency in this field. If you are interested in our services, please feel free to contact us or make an online inquiry.

Reference

1. Miller KN, et al. Cytoplasmic DNA: sources, sensing, and role in aging and disease. Cell. 2021, 184 (22): 5506-5526.